T cell engineering allows for rapid generation of T cells of any desired specificity. The rationale for this approach to cancer immunotherapy is to bypass the barriers to active immunization to establish T cell-mediated tumor immunity (Brentjens et al.,2003; Ho et al., 2003). Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are re-combinant receptors for antigen, which, in a single molecule,redirect T cell specificity and eventually enhance anti-tumor po-tency. Functional augmentation is achieved through the design of second generation CARs, which not only redirect cytotoxicity,but also reprogram T cell function and longevity through their costimulatory properties (Sadelain et al., 2009; van der Stegen et al., 201 5).
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