IEEE 399-1997 pdf download IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis
1.1 Scope and general information
This Recommended Practice, commonly known as the lEEE Brown Book, is published bythe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) as a reference source to giveplant engineers a better understanding of the purpose for and techniques involved in powersystem studies The IEEE Brown Book can also be a helpful reference source for svstem anddata acquisition for engineering consultants performing necessary studies prior to designing anew system or expanding an existing power system. This Recommended Practice will helpensure high standards of power system reliability and maximize the utilization of capitalinvestment.
The IEEE Brown Book emphasizes up-to-date techniques in system studies that are mostapplicable to industrial and commercial power systems. It complements the other IEEE ColorBooks, and is intended to be used in conjunction with, not as a replacement for, the manyexcellent texts available in this field.
The IEEE Brown Book was prepared on a voluntary basis by engineers and designers functioning as a Working Group within the IEEE, under the Industrial and Commercial PowerSystems Department of the Industry Applications Society.
1.2 History of power system studies
The planning, design, and operation of a power systemm requires continual and comprehensiveanalyses to evaluate current system performance and to establish the effectiveness of alternative plans for system expansion.
The computational work to determine power flows and voltage levels resulting from a singleoperating condition for even a small network is all but insurmountable if performed bymanual methods. The need for computational aids led to the design of a special purposeanalog computer (ac network analyzer) as early as 1929. It provided the ability to determineflows and voltages during normal and emergency conditions and to study the transientbehavior of the system resulting from fault conditions and switching operations.
The earliest application of digital computers to power system problems dates back to the late940s. Most of the early applications were limited in scope because of the small capacity olthe punched card calculators in use during that period. Large-scale digital computers became available in the mid-1950s, and the initial success of load flow programs led to thedevelopment of programs for short-circuit and stability calculations.
Today, the digital computer is an indispensable tool in power system planning, in which it isnecessary to predict future growth and simulate day-to-day operations over periods of twentyyears or more.
1.3 Applying power system analysis techniques to industrial andcommercial power systems
As computer technology has advanced, so has the complexity of industrial and commercialpower systems. These power systems have grown in recent decades with capacities farexceeding that of a small electric utility system.
Today’s intensely competitive business environment forces plant or building managementpersonnel to be very aware of the total owning cost of the power distribution system.Therefore, they demand assurances of maximum return on all capital investments in thepower system. The use of digital computers makes it possible to study the performance ofproposed and actual systems under many operating conditions. Answers to many questionsregarding impact of expansion on the system, short-circuit capacity, stability, loaddistribution, etc., can be intelligently and economically obtained.
1.4 Purposes of this Recommended Practice
1.4.1 Why a study?
As is stated in Chapter 2, the planning, design, and operation of industrial and commercialpower systems require several studies to assist in the evaluation of the initial and futuresystem performance, system reliability, safety, and the ability to grow with production and/oroperating requirements. The studies most likely to be needed are load flow studies, cableampacity studies,short-circuit studies, coordination studies. stability studies. and routinemotor-starting studies. Additional studies relating to switching transients. reliabilitygrounding, harmonics,and special motor-starting considerations may also be required. Theengineer in charge of system design must decide which studies are needed to ensure that thesystem will operate safely, economically, and efficiently over the expected life of the system.
IEEE 399-1997 pdf download
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