IEEE 1410-1997 pdf download IEEE Guide for Improving the Lightning Performance of Electric Power Overhead Distribution Lines
1.Overview
This design guide contains information on methods to improve the lightning performance of overhead distribution lines, and is written for the distribution-line designer. This guide recognizes that a perfect line designdoes not exist, and that a series of compromises are made in any distribution-line design. While some parameters such as voltage, routing, and capacity may be predetermined, other decisions are made at the discretionof the designer. The designer may exercise control over structure material and geometry, shielding (if any)amount ofinsulation, grounding, and placement of arresters. This guide will help the distribution-line designeroptimize the line design in light of cost-benefit considerations.
1.1 Scope
This guide will identify factors that contribute to lightning-caused faults on overhead distribution lines andsuggest improvements to existing and new constructions.
This guide is limited to the protection of distribution-line insulation for yste voltages 69 kV and below.Equipment protection considerations are covered in IEEE Std C62.22-1991.1
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this guide is to present alternatives for reducing lightning-caused flashovers on overheaddistribution lines.
2.References
This guide shall be used in conjunction with the following standards. When the following standards aresuperseded by an approved revisin, the revision shall apply. These references will automatically be updatedduring the editing process.
IEEE Std C62.22-1991, IEEE Guide for the Application of Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters for AlternatingCurrent Systems (ANSI)2
3.Definitions
3.1 back flashover (lightning): A flashover of insulation resulting from a lightning stroke to part of a net-work or electric installation that is normally at ground potential.
3.2 basic impulse insulation level (BIL, bil) (rated impulse withstand voltage) (surge arresters): A reference impulse insulation strength expressed in terms of the crest value of withstand voltage of a standardfull impulse voltage wave.
3.3 critical impulse flashover voltage (CFO) (insulators): The crest value of the impulse wave that, underspecified conditions. causes flashover through the surrounding medium on 50% of the applications.
34 direct stroke: A lightning stroke direct to any part of a network or electric installation.
3.5 distribution line: Electric power lines which distribute power from a main source substation to consumers, usually at a voltage of 34.5 kV or less. Note that this guide applies only for voltages 69 kV and below.
3.6 flashover (general): A disruptive discharge through air around or over the surface of solid or liquid insu-lation, between parts of different potential or polarity, produced by the application of voltage wherein thebreakdown path becomes sufficiently ionized to maintain an electrical arc.
3.7 ground electrode: A conductor or group of conductors in intimate contact with the ground for the purpose of providing a connection with the ground.
3.8 ground flash density (GFD)(Ng): The average number of lightning strokes per unit area per unit time ata particular location.
3.9 guy insulator: An insulating element, generally of elongated form with transverse holes or slots for thepurpose of insulating two sections of a guy or provide insulation between structure and anchor and also toprovide protection in case of broken wires. Porcelain guy insulators are generally designed to stress the por.celain in compression, but wooden insulators equipped with suitable hardware are generally used in tension.
3.10 guy wire: A stranded cable used for a semiflexible tension support between a pole or structure and theanchor rod.or between structures.
311 indirect stroke: A lightning stroke that does not directly strike any part of a network but induces anovervoltage in it.
3.12 induced voltage (lightning strokes): The voltage induced on a network or electric installation by anindirect stroke.
3.13 lightning first stroke: A lightning discharge to ground initiated when the tip of a downward steppedleader meets an upward leader from the earth.
3.14 lightning subsequent stroke: A lightning discharge that may follow a path already established by afirst stroke.
IEEE 1410-1997 pdf download
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