IEEE 1309-2005 pdf download IEEE Standard for Calibration of Electromagnetic Field Sensors and Probes, Excluding Antennas, from 9 kHz to 40 GHz
3. Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritalive Dictionary ojEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition (B52), should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause.This clause contains or defines only definitions relating to field sensor and probe calibration that are notlisted in IEEE Std C63.14-1998. The terms “probe” and “sensor” as defined in this clause are for the pur-poses of this standard; in industry, these terms are often used interchangeably.
3.1 antenna: A device used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic (EM) signals or power. It isdesigned to maximize its coupling to the EM field; as a receiver, it is made to intercept as much of the fieldas possible. Devices that are made to measure the power level of the EM field rather than its field components are included in this category.
3.2 field probe: (A) An electrically small field sensor or set of multiple field sensors with various electron-ics (e.g, diodes, resistors, amplifiers). The output from a field probe cannot be theoretically determinedfrom easily measured physical parameters. Field probes include B-dot and D-dot sensors that require abalanced-to-unbalanced transformer (balun) on the output of the sensor (note that not all B-dot and D-dotsensors require a balun).(B) A minimally perturbing device used for measuring a component of a radio fre-quency (RF) field in a medium. A probe contains the following components: 1) An electrically small (in themedium) sensor (or sensors) for detecting the RF field component of interest; 2) A means for converting theRF signal to a proportional dc or slowly varying ac signal; 3) A balanced high-impedance resistive transmis-sion line to extract the rectified signal
3.3 field sensor: An electrically small device without electronics (i.e, passive) that is used for measuringelectric or magnetic fields, with a minimum of perturbation to the field being measured. The field sensortransfer function (i.e, ratio of output-signal-to-input-electromagnetic (-EM) field] can be theoretically deter-mined from measured physical (i.e, geometrical) properties (e.g., length, radius, area) as well as theelectrical characteristics of the construction material. The measured physical properties must be traceable tointernationally accepted standards via a national standards authority.
3.4 flashover: A disruptive discharge around or over the surface of an insulating member, between parts ofdifferent potential or polarity, produced by the application of voltage where the breakdown path becomes
sufficiently ionized to maintain an electric arc.
3.5 free field: The clectromagnetic (EM) field in a volume far removed from physical objects, conductive ornon-conductive. It is usually thought of, but not restricted to. a plane wave. For the case of a plane wave. the electric and magnetic vectors are transverse to the propagation vector and to cach other i.e., transverse elec.tromagnetic (TEM) model, and their ratio yields the intrinsic impedance of free space. Syn: free-space field
3.6 free-space field: See: free field.
3.7 frequency domain calibration: A result that is the transfer function of the sensor or probe. A continuous wave (CW) calibration is a transfer function at a single frequency.
3.8 ground-plane field: The electromagnetic (EM) field in near proximity to a conducting surface, with theboundary conditions that the tangential electric field approach zero and the normal magnetic remain contin-uous. The total normal electric field is related to the surface charge density by Gauss’s law, and the totaltangential magnetic field to the surface current density by Ampere’s law.
3.9 isotropy (probe): A measure of the degree to which the response of a field probe is independent of thepolarization and direction of propagation of the incident field. Isotropy is the ratio, typically expressed indecibels, of the highest to lowest indication from the probe exposed to a constant field strength when theprobe orientation is varied through the range of angles defined in the test specification.
3.10 maximum permissible exposure (MPE): The root-mean-square (rms) and peak electric and magneticfield strengths, their squares or the plane wave equivalent power densities associated with these fields, andthe induced and contact currents to which a person may be exposed without harmful effect and with anacceptable safety factor, In some guidelines, they are referred to as investigation levels or reference levels.NOTEProbes used for measuring MPE are often called power-flux-densily probes or power-density probes.15
3.11 ortho-angle: The angle between the three-dimensional (i.e., spatial) diagonal of a cube and each of theadjacent cube edges, equal to 54.7°, When the individual orthogonal sensing elements of an isotropic probeassembly are aligned with the three cube edges, the spatial diagonal of that cube may be described as theortho-axis of the assembly, When the probe assembly is rotated through 360° about its ortho-axis, in a linearly polarized electric or magnetic field, it is possible to respectively align each axis of the sensor with thefield vector (i.e, maximum coupling), while the two remaining axes are normal to the field (i.e., minimumcoupling). Such an orientation and rotation is used to determine a measure of the isotropy or rotationalresponse of the probe assembly. See also. ortho-axis, isotropy.
IEEE 1309-2005 pdf download
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