IEEE 1283-2004 pdf download IEEE Guide for Determining the Effects of High-Temperature Operation on Conductors, Connectors, and Accessories
1.Overview
The purpose of this guide is to provide general recommendations for consideration when designing newoverhead transmission lines that will be operated at high temperatures. It may also evaluate existingtransmission lines for opcration at higher temperatures. Although this guide is intended for overheadtransmission lines, most of the discussion will also be applicable to distribution lines.
The trend in most utilities today is to increase the capacity of their transmission lines wherever practical. Ithas become increasingly difficult to build new lines because of increased costs to obtain rights of way.public intervention, and state licensing requirements. These obstacles have significantly increased the costand lead times required to place new lines into service. The lost revenue opportunities from power purchase)sale agreements with other systems because of limited transmission facilities can be substantial. Therefore.utilities are attempting to get as much capacity as is practical from the addition of new high-capacity lines orfrom the modification of existing lines for high-temperature operation.
In the past, utilities have typically been conservative in rating their lines due to the uncertainties inparameters that influence conductor temperature Today, with a better understanding of actual ambientconditions and improvements in monitoring instruments and sophisticated analysis tools, utilities are ratinglines at higher temperatures with the same or higher level of confidence than in the past.Many utilities havebeen increasing their transmission line’s maximum conductor operating temperature as a way of increasingline capacity. Often higher operating temperatures are needed only for a few hours during the year. Generalconcerns with increasing maximum operating temperature relate to accelerating the aging process ofconductors, connectors, and conductor hardware plus maintaining adequate ground clearance for the safeoperation of a line. Operating at a higher conductor temperature is acceptable if the associated negativeeffects are adequately understood. considered, and mitigated in the design or analysis of a line. Some effectsof high-temperature operation to consider are as follows:
— Loss of strength in the conductors and connectors
— Increase in conductor sag resulting in reduced clearances
— Reduction of life and integrity of connectors
— Acceleration of component aging with higher operating temperatures
— Increase in resistive losses
— Potential damage to equipment attached to conductors (e.g., wave traps)
This guide is limited to discussing the effects of high-temperature operation on bare overhead transmission conductors, connectors, and conductor hardware. These effects are discussed to identify their impacts on safety, reliability, and economy. A few methods to mitigate some of these negative effects of high- temperature operation are also discussed.
IEEE 1283-2004 pdf download
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