IEEE 1100-2005 pdf download Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment
1.1 Scope
This document presents recommended design, installation, and maintenance practices for electrical powerand grounding (including both safety and noise control) and protection of electronic loads such as industrialcontrollers, computers,and other information technology equipment (ITE) used in commercial andindustrialapplications.
1.2 Purpose
The main objective is to provide a consensus of recommended practices in an area where conflictinginformation and confusion, stemming primarily from different viewpoints of the same problem, havedominated.Practices herein address electronic equipment electrical performance and protection issues whilemaintaining a safe installation, as specified in the National Electrical Code (NEC) (NFPA 70, 2005Edition)(B17′ and recognized testing laboratories’standards. This recommended practice is not intended toreplace or to take precedence over any codes or standards adopted by the jurisdiction where the installationresides.
1.3 Background
As electronic loads and ITE proliferate in industrial and commercial power systems, so do problems relatedto power quality. Powering and grounding electronic equipment continues to be a growing concern forcommercial and industrial power system designers. This concern frequently materializes after start-up. whenelectronic system operating problems begin to occur. Efforts to alleviate these problems have ranged frominstalling power conditioning equipment to applying special grounding techniques that are not found inconventional safe grounding practice. In some cases this approach has led to unsafe practices and violationsof the NEC, without solving operating problems. Many times even after installing power conditioningdevices, the protected equipment still fails or does not operate as expected during thunderstorms and poweroutages. In response to this situation, this recommended practice attempts to provide an understanding of thefundamentals of proper powering and grounding for facilities and electronic equipment as well as examplesof the various problems that can arise.
The concept of load and source compatibility is not new. The need to provide power with steady voltage andfrequency has been recognized since the inception of the electric utility industry. Some of the early concernswere flicker of light bulbs due to voltage fluctuations and overheating of motors due to voltage waveformdistortion (harmonics). Recognition of these problems led to the development of voluntary standards thatcontributed significantly to reductions in occurrences.
More recently, transient voltage disturbances associated with lightning and power system switching haveemerged as a major concern to manufacturers and users of electronic equipment. The issue of grounding,and particularly how to deal with lightning protection, noise, and safety simultaneously, is complicated byconflicting philosophies advocated by people of different backgrounds. Power-oriented engineers andsignal-oriented engineers often differ in their perception of the problem and potential solutions.
Complaints about the quality of power today are not easily resolved because they involve both a multitudeof different causes and a variety of specific sensitivities in the affected equipment A commonly appliedsolution to power incompatibilities is to install interface equipment such as power conditioners betweencommercial power and sensitive loads. Difficulties in assessing the need to apply power interface equipmentinclude the following:
The inability to quantify precisely how much downtime is power relateda6)The subjective nature of estimating the cost of sensitive load misoperation that is attributable topower line disturbances
A reluctance of end users to spend money on equipment they feel is not their responsibility to haveto provide when they are already paying for the commercial electric power and for the electronicequipment that is being affected
The cost/benefit aspects of the problem can be addressed from a technical point of view in standards, butdetailed economic analysis and specific decisions remain the prerogative of the user. Power systemdesigners. utility companies. and manufacturers of electronic equipment need to cooperate with cach otherto find effective solutions to reduce the potential sources of interference, reduce the susceptibility of the loadequipment,or apply power conditioning equipment.
IEEE 1100-2005 pdf download
PS:Thank you for your support!
