BS EN 1426-2000 pdf download.Methods of test for petroleum and its products BS 2000-49: Bitumen and bituminous binders Determination of needle penetration (Identical with IP 49-2000).
5 Apparatus
Usual laboratory apparatus and glassware, together with the following.
5.1 Penetrometer, an apparatus that permits a needle holder to move vertically without measurable friction and that enables the penetration of the needle to be determined to the nearest 0,1 mm. The needle holder shall be readily detachable from the apparatus and shall have a mass of 47,50 g ± 0,05 g. A weight of 50,00 g ± 0,05 g suitable for attachment to the needle holder shall be provided if not already fixed to the needle holder. The stand upon which the specimen container, or transfer dish, rests shall be flat and horizontal. The 50 g weight shall be fixed underneath the support (see Figure 1).
NOTE 1: An example of a suitable penetrometer is shown in Figure 1. To facilitate levelling, the penetrometer should be provided with level adjustment screws
NOTE 2: Equipment that controls the penetration time automatically can also be used. Such equipment should be checked regularly for correct penetration time (see 5.6).
5.2 Penetration needle, (see Figure 2). made from fully hardened, tempered and polished stainless steel of type X1O5CrMo17 (1.4125). conforming to EN 10088-3, taking into account that it is not necessary to comply with the minimum content of molybdenum specified in that standard, and of Rockwell hardness C54 to C60 determined in accordance with ISO 6508. The cylindrical body of the needle shall have a diameter of 1,00 mm to 1,02 mm and one end shall be symetrically tapered by grinding to a cone having an angle of 90 10’ ± 30’ over the entire cone length. The cone shall be co-axial with the cylindrical body of the needle; the total axial variation of the intersection between the conical and cylindrical surfaces shall not exceed 0,2 mm. The conical tip of the needle shall be ground square to the axis of the needle within 2° until the diameter at the tip is between 0,14 mm and 0,16 mm. The edge of the ground tip shall be sharp and free from burrs.
For penetrations up to 350 0,1 mm the length of the needle shall be approximately 50 mm. For penetrations between 350 0,1 mm and 500 0,1 mm, use needles that conform to the requirements given for mass and dimensions, but which are longer in length such that the ferrule into which the needle is fixed does not penetrate the material under test.
The needle shall be rigidly mounted in a brass or stainless steel ferrule with 5 mm to 10 mm of the needle inside the ferrule. The mn-out of the needle tip or any part of the needle relative to the ferrule axis shall not exceed 1 mm. The ferrule shall be 3.20 mm ± 0,05 mm in diameter and 38 mm ± 1 mm in length.
The mass of the ferrule needle assembly shall be 2,50 g ± 0,05 g.
5.7 Thermometers, solid stem, as specified In annex A.
Other temperature measuring devices may be used instead of mercury stem thermometers. However, the mercury stem thermometer is the reference device and any alternative device employed shall be calibrated so as to provide the same readings as a mercury stem thermometer, recognizing and allowing for change of thermal response times compared with the mercury thermometer.
NOTE: When measuring and controlling nominally constant temperatures, as in the method described, alternative devices can indicate greater cyclic variations than mercury thermometers, to an extent depending on the cycle time of heating and the power of the controlled heat input.
6 Sampling
6.1 Take the laboratory sample in accordance with EN 58, taking all necessary safety precautions, and ensuring that the test sample is representative of the laboratory sample from which it is taken. Ensure that the laboratory sample is homogeneous and is not contaminated (see EN 1425).
6.2 Remove a minimum of 100 g of the laboratory sample, if necessary using a warmed knife, and transfer it to a suitable container (see EN 12594).
6.3 Raise the material to the required temperature, i.e. 80 °C to 90 °C above the expected softening point (see EN 1427) and fill one clean (free of dust, grease, rust, etc.) test sample container (5.3). For polymer modified bitumen, the temperature may not exceed 200 °C irrespective of the softening point. Fill the container to a depth such that, when the test sample is cooled to the test temperature, the depth is at least 10 mm greater than the depth to which the needle is expected to penetrate.
6.4 Immediately after filling, loosely cover the test sample container with a container such as a lipped beaker of suitable size.
NOTE 1: This assists in the elimination of any air bubbles and it is a convenient way of providing protection against dust.
Allow the test sample to cool at an ambient temperature between 15 °C and 30 °C; for test samples less than or equal to 45 mm deep, cool for 60 mm to 90 mm and for test samples more than 45 mm to 60 mm deep, cool for 90 mm to 120 mm provided that the volume of the test sample does not exceed 180 ml; for test samples of more than 180 ml, cool for 60 mm to 90 mm for each 100 ml of test sample. Then place the test sample in the constant temperature bath for a similar period to that used for cooling, and commence the test.BS EN 1426-2000 pdf download.
BS EN 1426-2000 pdf download
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