BS/EN 14038-1-2016 pdf download.Electrochemical realkalization and chloride extraction treatments for reinforced concrete Part 1: Realkalization.
The design, the installation, the energising, the commissioning, the long-term operation of all elements of electrochemical realkalization systems for steel in concrete shall be fully documented.
NOTE EN ISO 9000 constitutes a suitable Quality Management Systems Standard which can be utilized,
Each element of the work shall be undertaken in accordance with a fully documented quality plan. Each stage of the design shall be checked and the checking shall be documented.
Each stage of the installation, energising, commissioning and operation shall be the subject of appropriate visual, mechanical and/or electrical testing and all testing shall be documented.
All test instrumentation shall have valid calibration certificates traceable to national or European Standards of calibration.
The documentation shall constitute part of the permanent records for the works.
4.2 Personnel
Each aspect of the ER system design, installation, testing of the installation, energising, commissioning and long-term operational control shall be under the supervision of personnel with appropriate qualification, training, expertise and experience in the particular element of the work for which they are responsible.
NOTE ER of steel in concrete is a specialist multidiscipline activity. Expertise is required in the fields of electrochemistry, concrete technology, civil and/or structural engineering and cathodic protection engineering.
Personnel who undertake the design, supervision of installation, commissioning, supervision of operation, measurements, monitoring and supervision of maintenance of cathodic protection systems shall have the appropriate level of competence for the tasks undertaken. EN 15257 constitutes a suitable method of assessing Competence of Cathodic Protection Personnel which may be utilized for ER as well as cathodic protection.
Competence of Personnel to the appropriate level for tasks undertaken should be demonstrated by certification in accordance with EN 15257 and suitable experience with ER or by another equivalent prequalification procedure.
5 Principle
Realkalization of reinforced concrete is performed by applying an electric field for a limited period of time between the steel reinforcement embedded in the concrete and a temporary anode surrounded by an alkaline electrolyte solution containing carbonate or hydroxyl ions temporarily placed on the concrete surface.
NOTE I The carbonated area treated by realkalization lies beneath the anode and around the first layer of reinforcement.
6.2 Review of records
All available drawings, specifications, records and notes shall be reviewed for information on the location, quantity, nature (e.g. mild or high strength steel, smooth or deformed bar1 galvanized, epoxy- coated) and continuity of the reinforcement, as well as the constituents and quality of the concrete.
The possible sensitivity to reduction of bond strength should be evaluated in the case of smooth reinforcement.
6.3 Inspection
An inspection shall be carried out to ascertain the type, causes and extent of defects and any features of the structure or of its surrounding environment, which could influence the application and effectiveness of realkalization. All areas of the structure, which require realkalization, shall be checked for delamination of the concrete cover. Defects such as delaminations, cracks, honeycombing or poor construction joints which could permit significant water penetration, or prevent current flow and thereby impair the effectiveness of the realkalization treatment, shall be recorded.
In areas, which have been previously repaired, the repair methods and materials used should be identified, as far as possible. If the concrete behind the repair is to be realkalized, the electrical resistivity and porosity of the repair media should be considered.
The cause of any deterioration, which is not attributable to corroding reinforcement, shall be d eterm i ned.
If any signs of structural distress are evident, an assessment of both the load-bearing capacity of the structure and the need for temporary or permanent strengthening or support should be made.
6.4 Carbonation depth measurement
6.4.1 General
Carbonation depth shall be measured according to EN 14630 at several locations to ascertain its distribution.
NOTE In selecting locations for concrete sampling, the objective is to ldentif’ areas with various carbonation depths for comparison with post-treatment data.
6.4.2 Determination of chloride content
The chloride content of the concrete shall be determined according to EN 14629 as a proportion of the mass of cement or concrete.
Concrete samples shall be taken from areas expected to have the highest possible chloride content in order to ascertain whether chloride contamination is present.
If chloride contamination is found to be a cause of reinforcement corrosion, suitable treatment shall be determined in accordance with EN 1504-9, EN ISO 12696 or CEN/TS 14038-2.BS/EN 14038-1-2016 pdf download.
BS/EN 14038-1-2016 pdf download
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