API Publ 4688:1999 pdf download.Temporary Treatment Options for Petroleum Distribution Terminal Wastewaters
1.3 As indicated on Table 1-1 , mobile treatment systems have distinct advantages over other alternatives.
Mobile treatment is often more appropriate than on-site permanent treatment or transportation off-site. First of all, mobile treatment requires little or no capital improvements to implement. Treatment can begin rapidly because the mobilization and installation are so quick. Mobile treatment technologies are flexible so that they can be easily moved from site to site to treat flows that occur over a short time period. In addition, the labor and expertise to install and operate a mobile system are supplied by the contractor – a critical consideration when the terminal’s resources are limited. When to Use Mobile Treatment (Comparison to Other Alternatives) There are some limits, however, to using mobile treatment. Even though capital costs are generally small (e.g., utility hookup), long-term operating costs, and the costs of mobilization and demobilization, should be considered. Residual disposal and treatment costs will also increase the operation and maintenance cost. Another disadvantage of mobile treatment is the liability incurred by having contractor personnel and equipment on site for a period of time.
2.1 Wastewater Characterization
2.1.1 Sources, Quality, and Volume of Typical Terminal Effluents Sources: The primary sources of wastewater at a typical terminal are tank bottoms water (which may be a product, if petroleum hydrocarbons are recovered from it), water collected from secondary containment areas and storm water. Tank bottoms water collects in the bottom of bulk storage tanks. It results from water included in outside deliveries, tank breathing and condensation of moisture in the air, and rain water leaking through floating roof seals. Spill containment wastewater includes all the water that collects in the loading rack spill collection system including minor amounts of oil from drips, leaks and spills. Table 2-1 summarizes the typical sources and likely contaminants in petroleum terminal wastewater. Quality: Typical marketing terminal wastewater contains dissolved organic matter measured as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and the soluble fraction of oil and grease, which may include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), phenols, oxygenates, surfactants, and naphthenic acids. Most terminal wastewater will contain oily contaminants including oil and grease, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and the oily fraction of BOD5, COD, and TOC (e.g., aliphatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]). Terminal wastewater usually contains suspended solids and settleable material that can contribute to BOD5, COD and TOC.
API Publ 4688:1999 pdf download
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