The roughness profile of metal-to-metal contacting parts is one of the most important characteristics in mak-
ing mechanical systems more durable and energy efficient. Unquestionably, it is the interaction of the peak
asperities from ground or honed surfaces that contributes to the degree of friction, high operating temperat-
ures, deteriorated lubrication and system failure [1]. Lubricant films attempt to keep such interactions to a
minimum, but under high loads and low speeds peak asperity contact still occurs. The surface roughness
profile may be defined as any parameter that is used to characterize the topographical features of a given
surface. However, several parameters are used commonly. Table 1 represents a few of the most prominent
surface roughness parameters in use by industry and academia today in addition to all parameters cited
throughout this discussion.

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