IEEE C37.230-2007 pdf download IEEE Guide for Protective Relay Applications to Distribution Lines
1.Overview
This guide is divided into eight clauses. Clause l provides the scope and purpose of this guide. Clause 2lists referenced documents that are indispensable when applying this guide. Clause 3 provides definitionsthat are not found in other tandards. Clause 4 gives an explanation of distribution fundamentals. Clause 5discusses system configuration and components. Clause 6 explains the characteristics of protectiveschemes Criteria and examples are discussed in Clause 7 including margins and normal considerationsClause 8 has several special applications and considerations for distribution line protection.
This guide also contains two annexes. Annex A provides the bibliography, and Annex B contains aglossary of terms defined in other IEEE standards.
1.1 Scope
The scope of this guide is to discuss the application and coordination of protection for radial power-systemdistribution lines. It includes the descriptions of the fundamentals, line configurations. and schemes. Inaddition to these, the scope includes identification of problems with the methods used in distribution lineprotection and the solutions for those problems.
1.2 Purpose
This guide educates and provides information on distribution protection schemes to utility engineers.consultants,educators,and manufacturers. The guide examines the advantages and disadvantages ofschemes presently used in protecting distribution lines. This provides the user with the rationale fordetermining the best approach for protecting an electric power distribution system.
2. Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this guide (i.e., they must beunderstood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document isexplained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition ofthe referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.
3. Definitions
For the purposes of this guide, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary oIEEE Standards Terms B297′ should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause.
3.1 distributed resources (DRs): Power sources such as generators, photovoltaic units, fuel cells, etc,connected on distribution circuits and dispersed throughout the utility distribution system.
3.2 distribution automation: A technique used to limit the outage duration and restore service tocustomers through fault location identification and automatic switching.
3.3 interrupting medium: The material used to facilitate the interruption of the arc during opening of aswitching device.
3.4 polarizing voltage: The input voltage to a relay that provides a reference for establishing the directionof the operating current.
3.5 sympathetic tripping: The phenomena where an unfaulted interrupting device trips for a fault on anearby circuit, usually caused by current inrush on the device after the faulted feeder’s interrupting deviceopens and the system voltage returns to normal.
3.6 varmetric relays: Relays that respond to the quadrature (imaginary) component current compared tothe polarizing voltage.
3.7 wattmetric relays: Relays that respond to the in-phase (real) component current as compared to thepolarizing voltage.
4. Fundamentals
4.1 Fault characteristics
4.1.1 Type and calculation
Faults occur on overhead and underground electric distribution svstems with regularity, It is not feasible todesign distribution systems to eliminate the possibility of faults from occurring. Faults can be caused by anumber of sources including the following:
IEEE C37.230-2007 pdf download
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