API Publ 4653:1997 pdf download.Fugitive Emission Factors for Crude Oil and Product Pipeline Facilities
Emission factors were calculated for components at light crude oil, heavy crude oil, and product pipeline facilities using the 1995 Evironmental Protection Agency (EPA) default zero factors, correlation equations, and pegged source factors (1 00,000 ppmv). Emissions from components with screening values equal to background were calculated using the default zero factors. Emissions from components with screening values above background but less than 100,000 ppmv were calculated using correlation equations. The measured screening values were corrected for background if the background was 5% or more of the measured screening values. Emissions from one component that pegged the portable detection instrument at 100,000 ppmv were calculated using a pegged source factor. EPA default zero factors, correlation equations, and pegged source factors (100,000 ppmv) are shown in Table ES-I. The pipeline emission factors developed in this study are shown in Table ES-2.
Fugitive hydrocarbon emission data from petroleum production facilities, refineries, and marketing terminals were collected during several recent field studies sponsored in part by the American Petroleum Institute. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) used the data to develop several models for predicting fugitive emissions from these segments of the petroleum industry. However, none of these studies included pipeline facilities used to transport crude oil or petroleum products.
Ten pipeline facilities located across the United States of America (USA) were selected for the project. All components in use except those on tank tops were inventoried and screened using EPA Method 21 guidelines. Emission factors were developed for six types of components (threaded connections, flanges, valves, open-ended lines, pump seals, and others) at three types of pipeline facilities (light crude oil, heavy crude oil, and product). Fugitive emission rates were calculated for each of the sites using the new emission factors.Component emissions were calculated for light crude oil pipelines, heavy crude oil . pipelines, and product pipelines using the 1995 EPA default zero factors, correlation equations, and pegged source factors (1 00,000 ppmv). Emissions from components with screening values equal to background were calculated using the default zero factors. Emissions from components with screening values above background but less than 100,000 ppmv were calculated using correlation equations. The measured screening values were corrected for background if the background was 5% or more of the measured screening values. Emissions from components that pegged the portable detection instrument at 100,000 ppmv were calculated using the pegged source factors.
API Publ 4653:1997 pdf download
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