API Publ 4527:1993 pdf download.Eva1 uation of Li miti ng Constituents Suggested for Land Disposal of Exploration and Production Wastes
Onshore exploration and production (E&P) activities generate a limited variety of wastes. Ninety-eight percent of E&P waste (by volume) is composed of produced water, most of which is disposed of via Class II injection wells. The remaining 2% is composed of drilling wastes (drilling muds and wellbore cuttings that yield pit solids and liquids) and associated wastes which include production solids, tank bottoms, oily emulsions, and so forth. E&P wastes that are not recycled or managed at off-site facilities are commonly disposed of on site in pits or landspread over larger areas. The objective of this study was to develop salinity and petroleum hydrocarbon threshold values for one-time landspread- ing, on-site burial, or road spreading of these E&P wastes. Definition, technical justification and guidance for the applica- tion of these threshold values is provided. Measurable parameters which serve as indices for proper management of salinity and petroleum hydrocarbons include: electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio ( S A R I, and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) for salinity; and oil and grease (O&G) for petroleum hydrocarbons.
In general, waste:soil mixtures that test below the thresh- old values are shown to have minimal impact to soil and vegeta- tion for one-time applications. Yield reductions for many crops is less than 15% in the first year after application. Under certain restrictive conditions, the guidance threshold values have to be adjusted or crops temporarily changed to more tolerant species. Depending on drainage, crop cover, and soil amendments (gypsum and fertilizer) , a soil with a loading no greater than that recommended should recover over a few seasons. The operator must determine whether the guidance values apply over the short- or long-term, or whether site-specific conditions warrant more or less restrictive values. In general, the references cited within this report provide support for the recommended guidance values to avoid potential groundwater contamination. In addition, API is developing a contaminant fate and transport model to verify the appropriate- ness of the threshold values for a range of hydrogeologic envi- ronments found at EU sites.
API Publ 4527:1993 pdf download
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