API Publ 2557:1993 pdf download.Vapor Collection and Control Options for Storage and Transfer Operations in the Petroleum Industry
1.1 Scope
Vapor collection and control, as it is discussed in this pub- lication, includes the collection and treatment of volatile hy- drocarbon vapors emitted during the storage and transfer of petrolcum products and during loading operations. Passive vapor controls, which also can be effective at reducing emis- sions, are not covered in this publication. During loading op- erations, vapors from petroleum liquid will evaporate to reach equilibrium at ambient conditions to the degree al- lowed by the vapors’ inherent vapor pressure. For example, vapors expelled while a rail car or truck is being filled with gasoline result from the exposure of hydrocarbon vapors to air and evaporation during transfer. Agitation of liquids and heating could cause additional vapor emissions during trans- fer operations. Vapor control devices collect emitted vapors and recover (for example, through refrigeration, absorption, . or adsorption) or destroy (for example, by thermal or cat- alytic oxidation) them to prevent hydrocarbon vapors from releasing to the environment.
1.2 Purpose
This publication has been prepared to introduce vapor control technologies to individuals who are responsible for designing or purchasing vapor control devices for use on pe- troleum storage, transfer, and loading operations. The objec- tives of this publication are to acquaint readers with available vapor control technologies, provide general costing information, and supply a list of suggested reading for addi- tional information on vapor emissions and control devices (see 8.2). Furthermore, vapor control technology checklists are provided in Appendix A to help readers effectively com- municate their system needs to equipment vendors. The gen- eral issues that are discusscd for cach type of vapor control device include advantages and disadvantages; technical fea- sibility; and situational factors that affect applicability. Tank, truck, rail, and marine (ship and barge) loading operations are the specific applications discussed because these are the most common petroleum product transfer operations. This publication is not intended to recommend specific vendors or to cover all aspects of vapor control technology. Each application must be analyzed individually. Using this publication as a guide, readers may discuss with vendors general aspects of each technology with minimum back- ground research. Furthermore, since this publication will likely be used by individuals in many geographic and regu- latory areas, regulations concerning vapor controls and vapor recovery should be consulted in addition to this publication. A thorough understanding of local, state, and federal regula- tions is essential before proceeding with the design, selec- tion, or use of any pollution control device.
API Publ 2557:1993 pdf download
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